Mass.

An electrical connection point (AC or DC) to a piece of conducting equipment. Terminals are connected at physical connection points called connectivity nodes.

The parts of a power system that are physical devices, electronic or mechanical.

A power system resource (PSR) can be an item of equipment such as a switch, an equipment container containing many individual items of equipment such as a substation, or an organisational entity such as sub-control area. Power system resources can have measurements associated.

A wire or combination of wires, with consistent electrical characteristics, building a single electrical system, used to carry alternating current between points in the power system. For symmetrical, transposed three phase lines, it is sufficient to use attributes of the line segment, which describe impedances and admittances for the entire length of the segment. Additionally impedances can be computed by using length and associated per length impedances. The BaseVoltage at the two ends of ACLineSegments in a Line shall have the same BaseVoltage.nominalVoltage. However, boundary lines may have slightly different BaseVoltage.nominalVoltages and variation is allowed. Larger voltage difference in general requires use of an equivalent branch.

A Clamp is a galvanic connection at a line segment where other equipment is connected. A Clamp does not cut the line segment. A Clamp is ConductingEquipment and has one Terminal with an associated ConnectivityNode. Any other ConductingEquipment can be connected to the Clamp ConnectivityNode.

Generic user of energy - a point of consumption on the power system model. EnergyConsumer.pfixed, .qfixed, .pfixedPct and .qfixedPct have meaning only if there is no LoadResponseCharacteristic associated with EnergyConsumer or if LoadResponseCharacteristic.exponentModel is set to False.

This class represents the external network and is used for IEC 60909 calculations. It is only used if EquivalentInjection cannot provide the details required by IEC 60909 on short circuit equivalent of an external network.

A non linear shunt compensator has bank or section admittance values that differ. The attributes ggTotal, bbTotal, g0g0Total and b0b0Total of the associated NonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint describe the total conductance and admittance of a NonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint at a section number specified by NonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint.sectionNumber.

A per phase non linear shunt compensator has bank or section admittance values that differ. The attributes ggTotal and bbTotal of the associated NonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint describe the total conductance and admittance of a NonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint at a section number specified by NonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint.sectionNumber.

A per phase non linear shunt compensator bank or section admittance value. The number of NonlinearShuntCompenstorPhasePointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint instances associated with a NonlinearShuntCompensatorPhase shall be equal to ShuntCompensatorPhase.maximumSections. ShuntCompensator.sections shall only be set to one of the NonlinearShuntCompenstorPhasePointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint.sectionNumber. There is no interpolation between NonlinearShuntCompenstorPhasePointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPhasePoint-s.

A non linear shunt compensator bank or section admittance value. The number of NonlinearShuntCompenstorPointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint instances associated with a NonlinearShuntCompensator shall be equal to ShuntCompensator.maximumSections. ShuntCompensator.sections shall only be set to one of the NonlinearShuntCompenstorPointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint.sectionNumber. There is no interpolation between NonlinearShuntCompenstorPointNonlinearShuntCompensatorPoint-s.

Common type for per-length electrical catalogues describing line parameters.

Describes a tap changer with a linear relation between the tap step and the phase angle difference across the transformer. This is a mathematical model that is an approximation of a real phase tap changer. The phase angle is computed as stepPhaseShiftIncrement times the tap position. The voltage magnitude of both sides is the same.

The non-linear phase tap changer describes the non-linear behaviour of a phase tap changer. This is a base class for the symmetrical and asymmetrical phase tap changer models. The details of these models can be found in IEC 61970-301.

A connection to the AC network for energy production or consumption that uses power electronics rather than rotating machines.

An electrical device consisting of two or more coupled windings, with or without a magnetic core, for introducing mutual coupling between electric circuits. Transformers can be used to control voltage and phase shift (active power flow). A power transformer may be composed of separate transformer tanks that need not be identical. A power transformer can be modelled with or without tanks and is intended for use in both balanced and unbalanced representations. A power transformer typically has two terminals, but may have one (grounding), three or more terminals. The inherited association ConductingEquipment.BaseVoltage should not be used. The association from TransformerEnd to BaseVoltage should be used instead.

A PowerTransformerEnd is associated with each Terminal of a PowerTransformer. The impedance values r, r0, x, and x0 of a PowerTransformerEnd represents a star equivalent as follows. 1) two PowerTransformerEnd-s shall be defined for a two Terminal PowerTransformer theeven highif voltagethe (TransformerEnd.endNumber=1)two PowerTransformerEnd-s hashave nonthe zerosame valuesrated onvoltage. r,The r0,high x,voltage andPowerTransformerEnd x0 while the low voltage (TransformerEnd.endNumber=21) PowerTransformerEndis the one hasused zeroto valuesexchange forresistances (r, r0,) x, and x0. Parametersreactances are always provided(x, evenx0) ifof the PowerTransformerEndsPowerTransformer havewhile the samelow rated voltage. In this case, the parameters are provided at the PowerTransformerEnd which has (TransformerEnd.endNumber=2) equalshall have zero toimpedance 1values. 2) for a three Terminal PowerTransformer the three PowerTransformerEnds represent a star equivalent with each leg in the star represented by r, r0, x, and x0 values. 3) For a three Terminal transformer each PowerTransformerEnd shall have g, g0, b and b0 values corresponding to the no load losses distributed on the three PowerTransformerEnds. The total no load loss shunt impedances may also be placed at one of the PowerTransformerEnds, preferably the end numbered 1, having the shunt values on end 1. This is the preferred way. 4) for a PowerTransformer with more than three Terminals the PowerTransformerEnd impedance values cannot be used. Instead use the TransformerMeshImpedance or split the transformer into multiple PowerTransformers. Each PowerTransformerEnd must be contained by a PowerTransformer. Because a PowerTransformerEnd (or any other object) can not be contained by more than one parent, a PowerTransformerEnd can not have an association to an EquipmentContainer (Substation, VoltageLevel, etc).

Reactive power rating envelope versus the synchronous machine's active power, in both the generating and motoring modes. For each active power value there is a corresponding high and low reactive power limit value. Typically there will be a separate curve for each coolant condition, such as hydrogen pressure. The Y1 axis values represent reactive minimum and the Y2 axis values represent reactive maximum.

Specifies a set of equipment that works together to control a power system quantity such as voltage or flow. Remote bus voltage control is possible by specifying the controlled terminal located at some place remote from the controlling equipment. The specified terminal shall be associated with the connectivity node of the controlled point. The most specific subtype of RegulatingControl shall be used in case such equipment participate in the control, e.g. TapChangerControl for tap changers. For flow control, load sign convention is used, i.e. positive sign means flow out from a TopologicalNode (bus) into the conducting equipment. The attribute minAllowedTargetValue and maxAllowedTargetValue are required in the following cases: - For a power generating module operated in power factor control mode to specify maximum and minimum power factor values; - Whenever it is necessary to have an off center target voltage for the tap changer regulator. For instance, due to long cables to off shore wind farms and the need to have a simpler setup at the off shore transformer platform, the voltage is controlled from the land at the connection point for the off shore wind farm. Since there usually is a voltage rise along the cable, there is typical and overvoltage of up 3 to 4 kV compared to the on shore station. Thus in normal operation the tap changer on the on shore station is operated with a target set point, which is in the lower parts of the dead band. The attributes minAllowedTargetValue and maxAllowedTargetValue are not related to the attribute targetDeadband and thus they are not treated as an alternative of the targetDeadband. They are needed due to limitations in the local substation controller. The attribute targetDeadband is used to prevent the power flow from movemoving the tap position in circles (hunting) that is to be used regardless of the attributes minAllowedTargetValue and maxAllowedTargetValue.

A shunt capacitor or reactor or switchable bank of shunt capacitors or reactors. A section of a shunt compensator is an individual capacitor or reactor. A negative value for bPerSection indicates that the compensator is a reactor. ShuntCompensator is a single terminal device. Ground is implied.

An electromechanical device that operates with shaft rotating synchronously with the network. It is a single machine operating either as a generator or synchronous condenser or pump.

Mechanism for changing transformer winding tap positions.

Describes behaviour specific to tap changers, e.g. how the voltage at the end of a line varies with the load level and compensation of the voltage drop by tap adjustment. When TapChanger.ctRatio and .ptRatio are present, RegulatingControl.targetVoltage RegulatingControl.targetDeadband, RegulatingControl.maxAllowedTargetValue, RegulatingControl.minAllowedTargetValue as well as TapChangerControl.maxLimitVoltage and TapChangerControl.minLimitVoltage shall be expressed in terms of secondary CT currents and PT voltages.

A conducting connection point of a power transformer. It corresponds to a physical transformer winding terminal. In earlier CIM versions, the TransformerWinding class served a similar purpose, but this class is more flexible because it associates to terminal but is not a specialization of ConductingEquipment.

A switch within the DC system.

The P-Q capability curve for a voltage source converter, with P on X-axis and Qmin and Qmax on Y1-axis and Y2-axis.

DC side of the voltage source converter (VSC).

This class represents equivalent injections (generation or load). Voltage regulation is allowed only at the point of connection. This class represents equivalent injections (generation or load). Voltage regulation is allowed only at the point of connection. Using EquivalentInjection to model a distribution network equivalent is recommended practice instead of using ExternalNetworkInjection-s if it is not necessary that the equivalent contains detailed information representing a short circuit equivalent according to IEC 60909 which is relevant for short circuit studies.

Control is used for supervisory/device control. It represents control outputs that are used to change the state in a process, e.g. close or open breaker, a set point value or a raise lower command.

A Measurement represents any measured, calculated or non-measured non-calculated quantity. Any piece of equipment may contain Measurements, e.g. a substation may have temperature measurements and door open indications, a transformer may have oil temperature and tank pressure measurements, a bay may contain a number of power flow measurements and a Breaker may contain a switch status measurement. The PSR - Measurement association is intended to capture this use of Measurement and is included in the naming hierarchy based on EquipmentContainer. The naming hierarchy typically has Measurements as leaves, e.g. Substation-VoltageLevel-Bay-Switch-Measurement. Some Measurements represent quantities related to a particular sensor location in the network, e.g. a voltage transformer (VT) or potential transformer (PT) at a busbar or a current transformer (CT) at the bar between a breaker and an isolator. The sensing position is not captured in the PSR - Measurement association. Instead it is captured by the Measurement - Terminal association that is used to define the sensing location in the network topology. The location is defined by the connection of the Terminal to ConductingEquipment. If both a Terminal and PSR are associated, and the PSR is of type ConductingEquipment, the associated Terminal should belong to that ConductingEquipment instance. When the sensor location is needed both Measurement-PSR and Measurement-Terminal are used. The Measurement-Terminal association is never used alone.